The products produced in the reaction depend on the composition of the feed, the hydrocarbon-to-steam ratio, and on the cracking temperature and furnace residence time. After the cracking temperature has been reached, the gas is quickly quenched to stop the reaction in a transfer line heat exchanger or inside a quenching header using quench oil. The reaction occurs rapidly: the residence time is on the order of milliseconds. Typically, the reaction temperature is very high, at around 850 ☌. In steam cracking, a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feed like naphtha, LPG, or ethane is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace in the absence of oxygen.
Steam cracking is the core technology that supports the largest scale chemical processes, i.e. Olefins are useful precursors to myriad products. The main differences between each of them concerns the catalyst employed, design of the reactor and strategies to achieve higher conversion rates.
The propane dehydrogenation process may be accomplished through different commercial technologies. Steam cracker units are facilities in which a feedstock such as naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ethane, propane or butane is thermally cracked through the use of steam in steam cracking furnaces to produce lighter hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes (or commonly olefins), including ethene (or ethylene) and propene (or propylene). Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. Steamcracker II at the BASF site in Ludwigshafen/Germany
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